How do objects appear when viewed underwater due to the bending of light rays?

When viewing objects underwater, light rays bend as they transition from air to water due to a difference in density between these two mediums. This bending of light, known as refraction, causes objects to appear closer than they actually are.

As a result of this refraction, the angle at which light enters the water alters the perceived position and distance of the object. For example, when you look at a fish swimming below the surface, it seems to be at a shallower depth than it really is; it looks closer than its true location.

Understanding this principle is crucial for divers because it affects not only how they perceive distances but also how they should gauge their movements and positioning in relation to underwater features, ensuring safety and better navigation while diving.