What is the first action to take if you observe signs of panic in a diver?

The most appropriate response if you observe signs of panic in a diver is to help them establish positive buoyancy by completely filling their Buoyancy Control Device (BCD). When a diver is exhibiting panic, their ability to think clearly can be significantly impaired, and they may struggle with maintaining control over their breathing and buoyancy. Introducing positive buoyancy can provide an immediate sense of security and stability, allowing them to float safely at the surface.

By ensuring the diver is positively buoyant, you help them avoid sinking and potentially overwhelming feelings of panic, which can escalate if they feel out of control underwater. Being on the surface also allows them to focus on their breathing and regain composure without the added pressure of being underwater.

The other options would not effectively address the immediate needs of a panicking diver. Directing a panicked diver to descend or instructing them to establish negative buoyancy would likely increase their feelings of helplessness and fear. Additionally, helping them with gear adjustments might distract from the primary need to stabilize their buoyancy and regain control of their situation.