What is the primary purpose of equalization while diving?

The primary purpose of equalization while diving is to introduce additional air into body air spaces. When a diver descends, the pressure around them increases, which can create a pressure differential between the outside water pressure and the air-filled spaces in the body, such as the ears and sinuses. If this pressure is not equalized, it can lead to discomfort or even injury, such as barotrauma.

By performing equalization techniques—such as the Valsalva maneuver—divers can equalize the pressure in their ears and other air spaces by allowing air to enter these areas, balancing the pressure inside with the pressure outside. This process is essential for safe diving, as it helps maintain comfort and prevents potential damage to delicate tissues that could occur if pressure is not properly managed.