What should divers do to avoid ear pain during descent?

To avoid ear pain during descent, divers should equalize frequently. Equalization is the act of balancing the pressure in the middle ear with the pressure of the surrounding water. As divers descend, the water pressure increases, which can create discomfort or even pain in the ears if the pressure in the middle ear is not equalized.

By equalizing frequently, divers can prevent the buildup of pressure differences that cause discomfort. Techniques such as the Valsalva maneuver, the Toynbee maneuver, or simply swallowing can help achieve this balance. It is essential to start equalizing early in the descent and continue to do so at regular intervals, particularly if discomfort is felt. This proactive approach is crucial for a safe and enjoyable diving experience.

Other options are not effective in preventing ear pain during descent. For instance, ascending slowly is important for preventing decompression sickness but does not directly address ear pain caused by pressure changes. Using a nose clip prevents the diver from equalizing effectively, and clearing their ears only at the surface is inadequate since it does not address the need to manage ear pressure as the diver descends.